What is Marine Diesel Engine
Marine diesel engines play a vital role in powering ships and enabling global maritime trade. Reliable, fuel-efficient and with a long service life, these engines are the first choice for marine applications.
Benefits of Marine Diesel Engine
Lower Fuel Costs
While both marine gas oil (MGO) and marine diesel oil (MDO) constantly fluctuate in cost, on average, diesel cost less than gasoline. In an article published in Boats.com, it was found than that diesel averages at $2.50 per gallon, while marine gasoline averages $2.97.1 While this may not seem like a significant difference, for larger vessels that cruise frequently, diesel ends up being the more economical choice. So, saving money on fuel is one of the most touted benefits of marine diesel engines.
Less Flammable
Another advantage of diesel engines over petrol engines is safety. Diesel is much less flammable than gasoline. Only intense pressure and sustained flame can ignite diesel.2 Diesel fuel has a flashpoint between 52 and 96 °C (126 and 205 °F). In comparison, gasoline is a flammable liquid with a flashpoint of -40°C (-40°F). It gives enough vapor to create a burnable mixture in the air or the bottom of a boat. For lower flammability risk, a marine diesel engine is the safer option.
Energy Efficiency
In general, marine diesel engines have greater efficiency and economy than their gasoline-powered counterparts. In an article published by the Universal Technical Institute, they found that diesel engines are 20 percent more thermal efficient than gas engines on average. As a result, their fuel economy increases by 20 percent.3 Diesel fuel has more energy potential per gallon than gasoline, which means diesel-powered yachts travel more with less fuel.
Longevity
Marine diesel engines are known for their longevity. Gasoline engines are made up of much more parts and, therefore, more likely to break down. The average marine gasoline engine runs for around 1,500 hours before requiring a major overhaul by marine rebuild specialists. In comparison, a well-maintained inboard diesel engine typically lasts around 5,000 to 8,000 hours without a major overhaul. If you want to own a larger yacht and expect to use it regularly, pick a long-lasting marine diesel engine.
For yachts and pleasure craft, SIDA Engines offers powerful and compact high-speed diesel drives. All SIDA engines excel through their high power development even in the low speed range - with an extremely low fuel consumption.
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Depends on the vessel type, the engine, and the fuel. Friends of mine have very high-revving two-stroke outboards at 4,000–6000 RPM pushing them along converting petroleum products into noise, stink, tortured water and pollution. Our sailboat has a diesel inboard that we cruise along at maybe 1700 RPM for our snail-like 5-knot economy pace. If I boost to 3400 RPM, our speed only gets to about 7–8 knots and fuel burn quadruples. Also, that power strains our engine sufficiently that after about an hour, it overheats. But 8 knots is fast for a sailboat our size. We sometimes can go a bit faster under sail than that if the wind is right and I set the sails properly. When we' re doing that, the engine is turning 0 RPMs.
Two-Cycle vs. Four-Cycle Marine Diesels
There are two basic marine diesel engine types: two-cycle and four-cycle. Of the manufacturers listed above, Detroit Diesel is the only one that makes a two-cycle marine diesel. All the other companies listed make four-cycle diesel engines.
Two-cycle and four-cycle diesel engines are also known as two-stroke and four-stroke diesel engines, respectively. Two-cycle engines produce much higher torque and higher power at lower speeds (RPMs) than a four-cycle diesel. An engine ''stroke'' is a single movement (either up or down) of the piston through the cylinder. The piston is connected to the crankshaft by a push rod.
In a two-cycle engine, the diesel cycle of intake, compression, combustion (power), and exhaust occurs in two strokes, resulting from one complete crankshaft rotation. The piston moves up to the top of the cylinder (the first, or compression, stroke) and then back down (the second, or power, stroke) as the crankshaft rotates. Both exhaust and intake occur simultaneously.
A four-cycle engine requires four strokes during two crankshaft rotations to perform these same four functions.
Even though two-cycle marine diesel engines are more complex with more internal parts than their four-stroke competitors, costs are held down by economies of scale due to higher production numbers. Fuel consumption is similar between both types of engine.
What Is the Difference Between a Marine and an Industrial Diesel Engine
Although basically the same engines are built, the specific application is the cause of technical differences. An industrial diesel engine can be used in many ways and for many applications. For example as a generator set, pump set, hydro pack or another application. A marine diesel engine is an engine that is placed on board a ship and often functions as a propulsion engine. The most notable differences are the speed, the exhaust, the flywheel housing connection, the cooling system and the control.
The biggest technical difference between a marine and an industrial diesel engine is the cooling system of the engines. A marine diesel engine is cooled indirectly by sea water. By using a heat exchanger, the seawater can cool down the high temp engine water. In a diesel engine with an industrial application, the cooling is achieved by a radiator through which cold wind passes and thus cools the warm engine water.
The difference in the exhaust is that an industrial engine has a "dry exhaust" and a marine engine often has a water-cooled, also called a "wet exhaust". The water-cooled exhaust ensures that the radiant heat in the engine room is limited. This prevents an unsafe situation from occurring or that the temperature in the engine room becomes too high.
A ship works with a gearbox. A special flywheel housing has been mounted to enable the connection between the diesel engine and gearbox. This flywheel housing is sized according to the SAE standard. With an industrial engine, these dimensions are often different and more tailored to connect a gearbox or other drive to the diesel engine.
Another remarkable difference is that a marine engine often makes 1800 rpm. This, in combination with a delay in the gearbox, gives the ship's propeller the correct speed to propel the ship. An industrial engine often has a speed above 2000 RPM. These relatively high speeds are necessary in this industrial application.
Types of Marine Diesel Engines
Two-Stroke Engines
Two-stroke marine diesel engines are predominantly used in large ships due to their high power output and fuel efficiency. In two-stroke engines, the power and exhaust strokes are combined, reducing the number of strokes per cycle. These engines are usually slow-speed and directly coupled to the ship's propeller.
Four-Stroke Engines
Four-stroke marine diesel engines are more common in smaller ships and auxiliary applications. They are more versatile and can operate at higher speeds, making them suitable for generator sets and propulsion systems that require gear reduction.
Dual-Fuel Engines
Dual-fuel marine diesel engines can run on both diesel and liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuels. These engines have gained popularity due to their lower emissions and operational flexibility, particularly in environmentally sensitive areas.
How to Extend the Life Expectancy of Marine Diesel Engines
To ensure the prolonged performance and life expectancy of marine diesel engines, boat owners should ensure the implementation of proactive maintenance measures. Regularly scheduled routine part replacements stand out as a key practice.
Critical components such as fuel filters, air filters, oil filters, and impellers should be swapped out at specified intervals, preventing premature wear and tear that could compromise engine functionality.
Consideration of repowers and rebuilds is another avenue to extend marine diesel engine life expectancy. Strategically updating outdated components or opting for a complete engine overhaul when necessary can significantly enhance overall reliability. This approach not only breathes new life into the engine but also keeps up with advancements in technology, improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact.
General engine repairs should be promptly addressed to prevent minor issues from escalating into major complications. Identifying and fixing problems like leaks, unusual noises, or fluctuations in temperature early on can prevent catastrophic failures and extend the engine's lifespan.
The importance of routine engine surveys cannot be overstated. Regular inspections by qualified professionals help detect potential issues before they become critical, allowing for timely intervention. These surveys encompass comprehensive checks on fuel systems, exhaust components, cooling systems, and overall engine health, providing boat owners with valuable insights to guide their maintenance efforts.
A proactive approach to marine engine care, covering all routine part replacements, strategic repowers, timely repairs, and regular engine surveys, is essential for boat owners looking to maximize the life expectancy of their marine diesel engines.
Regular maintenance is vital for preventing breakdowns and extending the life of your marine diesel engine. Here are some essential maintenance practices you should follow:
Regular Oil Changes
Frequency: Change the oil approximately every 100 hours of operation or at least once a season.
Importance: Oil lubricates moving parts, reduces friction, and helps dissipate heat. Old oil can accumulate contaminants that damage the engine.
Cooling System Maintenance
Check Coolant Levels: Ensure the coolant level is adequate before starting the engine.
Inspect and Clean: Regularly check and clean the heat exchanger, and replace the coolant as recommended by the manufacturer.
Fuel System Care
Filter Changes: Replace fuel filters as per the manufacturer's guidelines or if you notice signs of clogging.
Water Separators: Regularly drain water separators to prevent water from entering the fuel system.
Air Intake System Checks
Air Filters: Inspect and clean air filters regularly to ensure optimal air flow to the engine.
Intake Manifold: Check for any obstructions or leaks in the intake manifold.
Regular Inspections
Belts and Hoses: Check for wear and tear and replace as necessary.
Engine Mounts and Fasteners: Ensure all mounts and fasteners are secure and in good condition.
Jiangsu Sida Power Machinery Group Co., Ltd. is located in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, including diesel engine development, production, and sales of large-scale enterprises. The company was founded in 1984, born out of the Wuxi Diesel Engine Factory, which is a diesel engine manufacture with annual production capacity of 200,000 units in Jiangsu Province key enterprise groups. In April, 2008, the company successfully completed the joint-stock reform of state-owned enterprises, achieved by the state-owned to private joint-stock conversion.
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